Morrison Foerster’s Government Contracts Insights provides our in-depth analysis of developments and trends impacting government contracting. Through Insights, our attorneys offer a real-time assessment of the statutory, regulatory, legal, and business-related developments and trends that are shaping the industry. We also examine a full array of non-U.S. public procurement issues, mindful that our clients compete in a global marketplace.Morrison Foerster’s nationally recognized Government Contracts and Public Procurement practice represents the world’s leading companies in the aerospace and defense, intelligence, cybersecurity, information technology, financial and professional services, education, healthcare, infrastructure, and logistics support sectors. We are enlisted to address our clients’ most complex and important legal issues. Our work includes contract and subcontract negotiation and other transactional matters, business and regulatory compliance counseling, internal investigations, bid protests, and a wide array of enforcement and litigation matters. Our clients range from Fortune 50 companies to small and medium-sized companies just entering the public sector. We advise both U.S. and non-U.S. companies involved in municipal, state, federal, and non-U.S. procurement matters.<h2>ABOUT MORRISON FOERSTER</h2>Morrison Foerster is a leading global law firm that transforms complexity into advantage for its clients. Our clients include some of the largest financial institutions, banks, consulting and accounting firms, and Fortune 100, technology, and life sciences companies. Highlighting the firm’s commitment to client service, leadership in market-changing deals and impact litigation, and values-based culture, Morrison Foerster has been repeatedly recognized as one of the top 10 firms on The American Lawyer’s A-List. Year after year, the firm receives significant recognition from Chambers and The Legal 500 across their various guides, including Global, USA, Asia‑Pacific, Europe, UK, Latin America, and FinTech Legal. Our lawyers passionately care about delivering legal excellence while living our values. Morrison Foerster has a long-standing commitment to creating a culture that respects and celebrates differences, while providing an inclusive environment. The firm has achieved Mansfield Certification Plus since 2018 as a result of successfully reaching at least 30 percent women, communities of color, and LGBTQ+ lawyer representation in a notable number of current leadership roles and committees. The firm also has a long history of commitment to the community and society through providing pro bono legal services, including litigating for civil rights and civil liberties, improving public education and fostering the wellbeing of children, advocating for veterans, promoting international human rights, enforcing the right to asylum, and safeguarding the environment.

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Tina is Co-chair of Morrison Foerster’s Government Contracts & Public Procurement practice. She represents a wide variety of government contractors including information technology, defense, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical companies, with a focus on general contract counseling and compliance, particularly concerning intellectual property, and cybersecurity matters and federal grant funding.Tina counsels contractors on compliance with federal, state and local acquisition and ethics regulations and with the evolving myriad of requirements pertaining to data security and cybersecurity. She has been involved with numerous internal investigations and compliance reviews, and with mandatory and voluntary disclosures to agencies, and litigation of False Claims Act matters.Tina routinely advises clients concerning:<ul><li>Prime-subcontractor relationships</li><li>Sources of supply and country of origin requirements</li><li>Price reductions and price reporting issues</li><li>Organizational conflicts of interest</li><li>Safeguarding of intellectual property and other proprietary interests</li><li>Licensing and data rights issues</li><li>Handling of classified materials and controlled unclassified information</li><li>Agency suspension and debarment proceedings</li></ul>She also assists clients with due diligence and other activities related to the acquisition of government contracting concerns, and with the drafting and negotiation of teaming agreements, subcontracts, licensing agreements, and cooperative research and development agreements. She also assists clients applying for federal grants (including SBIR and STTR agreements), and those who seek to obtain other transactional authority agreements, as well as those competing for state and local government work.Tina’s litigation experience includes government contracts claims litigation in federal courts and before boards of contract appeals, bid protests before the Government Accountability Office and the Court of Federal Claims, and complex disputes in federal courts, including civil fraud and False Claims Act litigation and reverse Freedom of Information Act litigation.Prior to joining Morrison Foerster, Tina worked at another large national firm and as a trial attorney in the Office of the General Counsel of the Navy, Navy Litigation Office.<h4>Representative Experience</h4><ul><li>Negotiation of largest CHIPS Act federal funding agreement between multinational semiconductor corporation and U.S. Department of Commerce.</li><li>Negotiated prime contract and major subcontracts related to the Department of Energy’s next generation supercomputer program, including extensive IP rights negotiations and negotiation of associated patent rights waivers.</li><li>Negotiated series of other transaction authority agreements with DARPA and associated subcontracts with more than a dozen research universities on behalf of a firm biotech client, including complex IP rights allocations and material transfer agreements.</li><li>Assist clients with FedRAMP authorization process and with development of license agreements for software products sold to federal, state and local government agencies.</li><li>Cyber incident response counseling to some of the largest companies and organizations impacted by security incidents.</li><li>Advises clients on Bayh-Dole reporting of inventions and IP strategies for contracts and grants.</li><li>Conducts due diligence for major government contract mergers and acquisitions.</li></ul>

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Tina is co-chair of Morrison Foerster’s Government Contracts & Public Procurement practice. She counsels a wide variety of government contractors on compliance with federal acquisition and ethics regulations. She drafts and negotiates contracts on their behalf and has been involved with numerous internal investigations and compliance reviews, and with bid protest, contract claims, and False Claims Act litigation. She also advises on M&A transactions involving government contractors.

Tina D. Reynolds

Jim Tucker is of counsel in Morrison Foerster’s Government Contracts and Public Procurement Practice Group and is based in the firm’s Washington, D.C. office.Jim’s practice runs the gamut of litigation and counseling in federal procurement matters, with an emphasis on bid protests, Cost Accounting Standards disputes, and small business matters. He has represented both protesters and awardees in scores of protests before the Government Accountability Office, the Court of Federal Claims, and procuring agencies, in acquisitions ranging from small business procurements to multibillion-dollar contracts of global significance. His representative protest matters span the aerospace sector, the Intelligence Community, base operations and logistics, healthcare, nuclear and environmental work, and information technology and software acquisitions. His protests have included both classified and unclassified programs. In addition to prevailing in published decisions, Jim has also secured favorable corrective action on behalf of clients in a wide variety of protests that were resolved without a published decision.Jim’s work also focuses on disputes over cost allowability and compliance with the Cost Accounting Standards, and he has appeared before the Armed Services and Civilian Boards of Contract Appeals, in size and status protests before Small Business Administration (SBA) area offices, and appeals before the SBA Office of Hearings and Appeals. Jim regularly counsels clients on contract interpretation, organizational conflicts of interest, and small business compliance.Jim graduated with high honors from the George Washington University Law School, where he focused his studies on federal procurement law, was a member of the Law Review, and interned with the General Services Administration’s suspension and debarment office. Jim also holds a degree in theology magna cum laude from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome and a bachelor’s degree in classical languages and literature summa cum laude from the University of Kentucky, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa.

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Of Counsel

Jim maintains an active practice in bid protests before the Government Accountability Office and contracting agencies and counsels clients in contract disputes and compliance obligations.

Jim Tucker is of counsel in Morrison Foerster’s Government Contracts and Public Procurement Practice Group and is based in the firm’s Washington, D.C. office. Jim’s practice runs the gamut of litigation and counseling in federal procurement matters, with an emphasis on bid protests, Cost Accounting Standards disputes, and small business matters.

James Tucker

<div style="margin-bottom: 15px;" class="videoWrapper"><iframe class="sticky-video" title="Meet Alex Ward, Government Contracts Practice Co-Chair" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/TkliwdSlTaQ?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="1" title="iframe"></iframe></div>J. Alex Ward is co-chair of Morrison Foerster’s Government Contracts and Public Procurement group. His practice covers a full range of government contracts matters, including investigations, bid protests, claims, general litigation, corporate transactions, and counseling. Alex strives in all matters is to provide his clients the highest level of efficient and effective representation.Alex represents contractors in internal and external investigations, disclosures to the government, and qui tam litigation, with great success in reducing or eliminating his clients’ exposure through active engagement with the government. His work in this area includes obtaining numerous declinations and dismissals of False Claims Act cases in their earliest stages, sparing his clients the cost, risk, and exposure of litigation.He has also served as lead counsel in dozens of bid protests involving military and civilian agency procurements of a wide range of products and services, including all manner of pre- and post-award protests in the GAO, the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, and state tribunals, as well as appeals to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and size protest appeals before the SBA’s Office of Hearings and Appeals.Alex handles all aspects of the claims process, from the initial assessment and drafting of requests for equitable adjustment through litigation in the Boards of Contract Appeals and the Court of Federal Claims. Alex’s practice also covers the full gamut of other controversies confronting government contractors, including prime-sub, teaming partner, employer-employee, competitor, and indemnification disputes. His litigation work also includes a wide variety of pro bono engagements, in which he has represented both individual and institutional clients in matters ranging from immigration and criminal defense to sustainable procurement and protection of the environment.Prior to joining the firm, Alex served in the U.S. Army as a commissioned officer and an Assistant to the General Counsel of the Army responsible for civil works and international matters, and as a clerk for judges on the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the Armed Forces and the D.C. Circuit. He is a member of the Boards of the Morrison & Foerster Foundation and the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and of Law360’s Government Contracts Editorial Board.

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Alex is co-chair of Morrison Foerster’s Government Contracts and Public Procurement practice. His practice covers a full range of government contracts matters, including bid protests, claims, investigations, corporate transactions, and counseling.

J. Alex Ward

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Morrison Foerster’s Government Contracts Insights blog provides an in-depth analysis of news, developments, and trends impacting government contracting and procurement. Through Insights, attorneys from our nationally recognized Government Contracts and Public Procurement practice will offer a real-time assessment of the statutory, regulatory, legal, and business-related developments that are shaping the industry. This blog will also examine a full array of U.S. and non-U.S. public procurement issues, mindful that our clients compete in a global marketplace.Read about our <a href="http://govcon.mofo.com/editors/">Authors</a>.Never miss a post. Subscribe to get real-time updates.

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James A. Tucker

Biden’s Final Cybersecurity Order Proposes Significant Changes, All to Be Implemented by the Incoming Administration

Proposed Greenhouse Gas FAR Clause Withdrawn as Inauguration Approaches

Bid Protest Spotlight: Certification, Lateness, SBA Eligibility

SHARE IT Act Requires Agencies to Share Custom-Developed Source Code Throughout the Government

FAR Council Withdraws “Pay Equity and Transparency” Proposed Rule

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In September 2024, the Ninth Circuit reversed in part a district court’s dismissal of an action under the False Claims Act (FCA or the “Act”) for lack of jurisdiction under the Act’s First-to-File Rule and held that the First-to-File Rule is not jurisdictional.  In doing so, the en banc court overruled circuit precedent and brought the Ninth Circuit in line with several other circuits.In Stein ex rel. United States v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc., the relators alleged that Kaiser-related entities committed Medicare fraud.  The district court dismissed the action as barred by the first-to-file rule, 31 U.S.C. § 3730(b)(5) (the “First-to-File Rule”), because it related to earlier-filed pending actions against the same defendants.On appeal, the three-judge panel affirmed, applying the Ninth Circuit’s precedent that the First-to-File Rule is jurisdictional.  The en banc court convened to “tidy up the law.”  In doing so, it overruled prior Ninth Circuit precedent and held that the First-to-File Rule is not jurisdictional.The FCA’s First-to-File Rule states: “When a person brings an action under this subsection, no person other than the Government may intervene or bring a related action based on the facts underlying the pending action.”  31 U.S.C. § 3730(b)(5).Applying the Supreme Court’s recent holding in Santos-Zacaria v. Garland, 598 U.S. 411 (2023), that a statutory bar is jurisdictional only if Congress clearly states that it is, the en banc court held that the First-to-File Rule is not jurisdictional because § 3730(b)(5) does not use the term “jurisdiction” or “include any other textual clue that points to jurisdiction,” unlike other provisions in the FCA that use explicitly jurisdictional language.The Ninth Circuit has joined the First, Second, Sixth, and D.C. Circuits in agreeing that the FCA’s First-to-File Rule is not jurisdictional.  See United States ex rel. Bryant v. Cmty. Health Sys., Inc., 24 F.4th 1024, 1036 (6th Cir. 2022); United States v. Millenium Labs., Inc., 923 F.3d 240, 248–51 (1st Cir. 2019); United States ex rel. Hayes v. Allstate Ins. Co., 853 F.3d 80, 85–86 (2d Cir. 2017) (per curiam); United States ex rel. Heath v. AT&T, Inc., 791 F.3d 112, 119–21 (D.C. Cir. 2015).The Ninth Circuit’s decision notes that three other circuits have held that the First-to-File Rule is jurisdictional.  See United States ex rel. Carter v. Halliburton Co., 866 F.3d 199, 203 (4th Cir. 2017); United States ex rel. Branch Consultants v. Allstate Ins. Co., 560 F.3d 371, 376 (5th Cir. 2009); Grynberg v. Koch Gateway Pipeline Co., 390 F.3d 1276, 1278 (10th Cir. 2004).  However, the Ninth Circuit observed that these cases predate the Supreme Court’s decision in Santos-Zacaria holding that a statutory bar is jurisdictional only if Congress clearly states that it is.Although the circuits remain split, the tide seems to be shifting in favor of finding the First-to-File Rule is not jurisdictional.  In these circuits, defendants can still move to dismiss an FCA case under the First-to-File Rule, but now they will bear the burden of proof under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) rather than putting the burden on plaintiffs under Rule 12(b)(1).

IAP Worldwide Servs., Inc.

Flight Support, Inc.

DynCorp Int’l LLC

Raytheon Co.

DynCorp International, LLC v. United States

URS Federal Servs., Inc.

DynCorp International, LLC

Planned Sys. Int’l, Inc.

Threat Mgmt. Group, LLC

Vencore Servs. & Solutions, Inc.

Jacobs Tech., Inc.

Cubic, Inc.

American Institutes for Research v. State of New Mexico

CACI-WGI, Inc.

Fluor Intercontinental, Inc. v. IAP Worldwide Servs., Inc.

IAP World Servs., Inc.

Size Appeal of IAP World Servs., Inc.

Al-Ghanim v. IAP Worldwide Servs., Inc.

O’Gara Training & Servs., LLC

IAP Worldwide Servs., Inc. v. Johnson Controls, Inc.

AAR Mobility Sys.

Matt Martin Real Estate Mgm’t, LLC v. United States

Pyramid Real Estate Servs., LLC v. United States

Harrington, Moran, Barksdale, Inc.

Homesource Real Estate Asset Servs., Inc. v. United States

Ocean Ships, Inc.

Keystone Sealift Servs., Inc.

ITT Corp., Sys. Div.

IAP Worldwide Servs., Inc. v. Fluor Intercontinental, Inc.

FedSys, Inc.

Academy Facilities Mgm’t v. United States

Academy Facilities Management -- Advisory Opinion

Evans Security Solutions, Inc.

Contingency Mgm’t Group, LLC and IAP Worldwide Servs., Inc.

Kellogg Brown & Root Services, Inc.

Liberty Power Corp.

J. Alex Ward is co-chair of Morrison Foerster’s Government Contracts and Public Procurement group. 

J. Ward

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Associate

Tori Dalcourt Angle is an associate in the Government Contracts practice in Morrison Foerster’s Washington, D.C. office.
Tori advises clients on various government contract matters, including both pre

Victoria Dalcourt Angle

Victoria Angle

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GAO Finds CIO-SP4 Solicitation Is Unduly Restrictive of Competition

Ninth Circuit Sits En Banc to “Tidy Up the Law” on the False Claims Act’s First-to-File Rule

Last year, Justice Clarence Thomas’s dissent in United States ex rel. Polansky v. Executive Health Resources, Inc., 599 U.S. 419 (2023) (“Polansky”), resurrected an old debate about whether the False Claims Act (FCA) qui tam provisions violate Article II of the Constitution.  Under this theory, the FCA qui tam provisions improperly give a private party the authority to control litigation on behalf of the United States, a responsibility that the Constitution exclusively vests in the Executive Branch.  We <a href="https://www.mofo.com/resources/insights/230621-supreme-court-us-government-false-claims-act-suits" target="_blank">predicted</a> that Justice Thomas’s dissent could open the door to a constitutionality defense for defendants resisting qui tam suits.  Yesterday, our prediction came true.Judge Kathryn Mizelle of the U.S. District Court of the Middle District of Florida held that the FCA qui tam provisions violate Article II’s Appointments Clause by permitting “unaccountable, unsworn, private actors to exercise core executive power with substantial consequences to members of the public.”The FCA allows private individuals, known as “relators,” to bring lawsuits in the name of the United States against any person who knowingly presents a false claim for payment to the United States.  31 U.S.C. § 3730(b)(1).  A victorious relator may collect a typical award of 15 to 30 percent of the government’s total recovery, 31 U.S.C. § 3730(d), and thus is designed to encourage private individuals to bring suit on the government’s behalf.  The FCA allows a relator to initiate and direct litigation on the government’s behalf.  Unless the Department of Justice (DOJ) decides to intervene in the case, the relator can bind the federal government without direct accountability to anyone in the Executive Branch.  Absent intervention by the DOJ, a relator enjoys unfettered discretion to decide who to investigate, who to charge in the complaint, which claims to pursue, and which legal theories to employ.  Furthermore, a relator decides whether to appeal and which arguments to preserve, thereby shaping the broader legal landscape for the federal government.In 2019, Clarissa Zafirov sued her employer and other defendants, alleging that they violated the FCA by misrepresenting patients’ medical conditions to Medicare.  Zafirov never asserted that the defendants’ allegedly illegal conduct harmed her; instead, like a United States Attorney, Zafirov proceeded on behalf of the United States.  After the DOJ declined to intervene, Zafirov litigated the action on behalf of the United States for the next five years.In Zafirov ex rel. United States v. Florida Medical Associates, LLC, the defendants successfully argued that Zafirov exercised significant authority under the continuing position of relator but lacked proper appointment under the Constitution.  As a result, the court dismissed the case.Specifically, the defendants asserted that the FCA qui tam provisions violated the Appointments Clause because a relator is an improperly appointed officer of the United States.  Judge Mizelle agreed, concluding: (1) an FCA relator is an officer of the United States because they exercise significant authority pursuant to the laws of the United States and occupy a continuing position established by law, (2) historical examples of qui tam provisions do not exempt an FCA relator from the Appointments Clause, and (3) because Zafirov is not constitutionally appointed, dismissal is the only permissible remedy.In order to be an “Officer of the United States,” one must exercise significant authority pursuant to the laws of the United States and occupy a continuing position established by law.  Judge Mizelle explained that the power to initiate an enforcement action in the name of the United States to vindicate a public right constitutes significant authority.  This enforcement authority is inherent in, and crucial to, the executive power.  Furthermore, an FCA relator occupies a continuing position established by law because they have statutorily defined duties, powers, and emoluments.As a result, Judge Mizelle determined Zafirov was an officer subject to the Appointments Clause.  The Appointments Clause allows Congress by law to vest the appointment of inferior officers in the President, the head of an executive department, or a court.  By contrast, the FCA qui tam provisions permits any “person” to appoint themselves by initiating an enforcement action.  Because self-appointment does not satisfy the Appointments Clause, the defendants’ constitutional challenge succeeded, and the only remedy was to dismiss the case.Although this decision is likely to be appealed and is not binding on other courts, it is a welcome development for FCA defendants and defense attorneys.  At a minimum, yesterday’s decision will lead to further questioning of the constitutionality of qui tam actions.In Polansky, Justices Kavanaugh and Barrett echoed Justice Thomas’s concerns in a concurring opinion, noting that “the Court should consider the competing arguments on the Article II issue in an appropriate case.”  Polansky, 599 U.S. at 442.  That’s three justices already expressing public support for reconsidering the constitutionality of the FCA qui tam provisions.  If the right case makes its way to the Supreme Court, it may not be challenging to find a fourth justice willing to grant certiorari.  We have previously raised this same argument and will continue to monitor decisions from other federal courts addressing the constitutionality of the qui tam provisions.

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Adam L. Braverman is a partner in Morrison Foerster’s Investigations + White Collar Defense practice. Adam formerly served as an Associate Deputy Attorney General for the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and as the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of California. 

Adam L. Braverman

Adam L. Braverman is a partner in Morrison Foerster’s Investigations + White Collar Defense group. He represents companies and their executives in internal and government investigations, white collar criminal defense matters, and parallel civil litigation related to allegations of bribery, government procurement fraud, COVID-19 and CARES Act fraud, anti-money laundering violations, and matters involving organized crime.

Adam Braverman

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The FCA’s Qui Tam Provisions Under Fire

Under the Supreme Court’s decision in Chevron USA Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984), for decades courts have sometimes been required “to defer to ‘permissible’ agency interpretations of [ambiguities in] statutes those agencies administer—even when a reviewing court reads the statute differently.” This is known as “Chevron deference” or the “Chevron doctrine.” Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo, 603 U.S. __, 2024 WL 3208360, at *16 (June 28, 2024). Last month, the U.S. Supreme Court overruled Chevron and held that courts “may not defer to agency interpretation of the law simply because a statute is ambiguous.” Id. at *62. The Court made it clear that “[c]ourts must exercise their independent judgment in deciding whether an agency has acted within its statutory authority, as the [Administrative Procedure Act] APA requires.” Id. at *61-62. The APA was enacted “as a check upon administrators whose zeal might otherwise have carried them to excesses not contemplated in legislation creating their offices.” Id. at *32. The Court found that Chevron deference cannot be squared with the APA, which specifies that courts, not agencies, will decide all relevant questions of law and set aside agency action inconsistent with the law as the courts interpret it.  Id. at *38.A detailed overview of the Supreme Court’s decision in Loper can be found on our <a href="https://www.mofo.com/resources/insights/240703-supreme-court-strikes-down-chevron" target="_blank">website</a>, and another article discussing the potential impacts of the Supreme Court’s decision on government contractors is available on our <a href="https://govcon.mofo.com/topics/the-end-of-chevron-deference-what-it-means-for-government-contractors" target="_blank">Government Contracts Insights</a> blog. This article discusses the potential impacts the fall of the Chevron doctrine may have on False Claims Act (FCA) litigation. In short, the end of the Chevron doctrine may create situations in which it is easier to defend against FCA cases based on violation of a regulation.Last year in United States ex rel. Schutte v. SuperValu, Inc., 598 U.S. 739 (2023), the Supreme Court determined that a defendant’s contemporaneous subjective beliefs about a legal requirement matter, which made it harder to win a motion to dismiss on the ground that the requirement was unclear or open to more than one interpretation (i.e., the “objective reasonableness” or “clever lawyer” defense). The Supreme Court may now have revived a similar (though not exactly the same) defense through the back door, allowing a defendant to argue that a regulation underlying an FCA case is contrary to, or unsupported by, the governing statute.For example, if an FCA defendant is accused of a regulatory violation in which its alleged conduct does not violate the underlying statute but does violate an implementing regulation, the defendant might contend the regulation is inconsistent with the statute. In that scenario, the defendant could move to dismiss on the ground that, even if the facts are as alleged, they do not support a legal violation. Under Loper, a court would have more latitude to consider that argument. Unlike the “objective reasonableness” defense the Supreme Court rejected in Schutte, which focused on the scienter element of an FCA claim, this new avenue would focus on the falsity element, arguing that it is not false or fraudulent to violate an unlawful regulation.Before Chevron’s undoing, deference to agency interpretations of statutes may have given relators and the federal government a leg up in FCA cases, while defendants faced an uphill battle against years of agency rulemaking and a thumb on the scale in favor of agency interpretations. Now, savvy defense attorneys may look for potential daylight between a statute and the regulation a defendant is accused of violating.

The End of Chevron Deference: What It Means for False Claims Act Litigation

The End of Chevron Deference: What It Means for False Claims Act Litigation

Under the Supreme Court’s decision in Chevron USA Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984), for decades courts have sometimes been required “to defer to ‘permissible’ agency interpretations of [ambiguities in] statutes those agencies administer—even when a reviewing court reads the statute differently.” 

On June 1, 2023, the Supreme Court issued a decision in United States ex rel. Schutte v. SuperValu, Inc., clarifying when a defendant “knowingly” submits a false claim for payment under the False Claims Act (FCA). The Court held that a defendant that submits a false claim does so knowingly when it subjectively believes the claim is false at the time of submission. We have been tracking this decision in our FCA Newsletter and our Government Contracts Insights as it changes the law of several circuits, which had held that an FCA defendant has not knowingly presented a false claim if its claim was consistent with an “objectively reasonable interpretation” of the relevant law, regardless of what the defendant believed about the claim.Read the <a href="https://www.mofo.com/resources/insights/230606-look-to-defendants-subjective-beliefs" target="_blank">full client alert</a>.

United States Supreme Court: Look to Defendant’s Subjective Beliefs to Decide Whether It “Knowingly” Submitted False Claim

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Joe Palmore co-chairs Morrison Foerster’s Appellate and Supreme Court practice. Chambers USA describes him as “an outstanding oral advocate,” who is “calm, focused, effective and doesn’t back down,” and has “complete command of the facts.” Joe “writes great briefs” (Chambers USA), with one client recounting that “the Court mirrored the language he thoughtfully chose in its ultimate order” (Legal 500).

Joseph R. Palmore

Joseph R. Palmore is co-chair of the firm's Appellate and Supreme Court Practice Group and Managing Partner for the Washington, D.C. office. Before joining Morrison Foerster, Joe was an Assistant to the Solicitor General at the United States Department of Justice and the Deputy General Counsel of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

Joseph Palmore